And suspicion begat spite, back-stabbing and schism






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    And suspicion begat spite, back-stabbing and schism



    The future shape of the Church of England now depends on whether a tubby Welsh theologian is ordained to a post at the very bottom of the episcopal ladder this October. Damian Thompson reveals the story behind the row over the man who will for ever more be branded 'the gay bishop'












    Until a couple of weeks ago, most people in Reading, Berkshire, were unaware that they even had their own bishop. The Bishop of Reading is a humble suffragan, very much subordinate to the Bishop of Oxford. Under normal circumstances the appointment would not merit more than a paragraph in the local newspaper.


    Yet in the past month this post at the very bottom of the episcopal ladder has provoked a frenzy of Anglican back-stabbing, the like of which has not been seen since the height of the women priests controversy 15 years ago. Senior prelates are not talking to each other; pious evangelicals are leaking black propaganda to the media; country vicarages are buzzing with conspiracy theories.


    The widening rift among Anglicans concerning the appointment has prompted senior royal officials to relay the "deep concerns" of the Queen, who is Supreme Governor of the Church of England, to The Telegraph. The Queen, the officials say, is desperately keen for an early resolution to the problem, but feels it would be wrong to intervene.


    How have we reached a situation in which the future shape of the Church of England depends on whether a tubby Welsh theologian is ordained to a minor post in Westminster Abbey this October?


    To account for the whirlwind of suspicion and spite that has overtaken the Church, we need to go beyond the fact that the Rev Jeffrey John, Canon Theologian of Southwark Cathedral, is homosexual. He will not be the first gay Anglican bishop (or even the first gay Bishop of Reading).



    Nor is it enough to say that he is "openly" gay. Until this row blew up, Canon John was not really out of the closet: he was frank about his sexuality, but only to friends and sympathisers - roughly the position of several serving suffragan bishops. It is his critics who have forced him to admit publicly that he has a boyfriend of 27 years' standing but has not had sexual relations with him for a decade.


    What lends this dispute its historical importance is the fact that - to the dismay of the Archbishop of Canterbury as well as many ordinary churchgoers - both the friends and enemies of Jeffrey John have raised the stakes to unprecedented levels.


    If John's appointment is blocked, that is not only a catastrophe for the man who chose him, the Rt Rev Richard Harries, the Bishop of Oxford, it could set back the cause of homosexual equality in the Church by many years. If the consecration goes ahead, then the evangelical lobby will face an unwelcome dilemma: should it accept the humiliation or plot revenge?


    Homosexuality is a growing obsession among fundamentalists and evangelicals around the world. Having compromised over issues such as divorce, these Bible-believing Christians have united in condemnation of the one sin that most of them do not feel tempted to commit. In evangelical circles, the only good homosexual is a "cured" one.


    English evangelicals had another reason to draw a line in the sand. They were convinced that their bete noire, Rowan Williams, whom they desperately tried to stop becoming Archbishop of Canterbury, was planning to pack the Church with liberals in the same way that his militantly Low Church predecessor, Dr George Carey, managed to shoe-horn evangelicals into senior positions.


    Williams has known Jeffrey John for 30 years, and last year even wrote the foreword to one of his books, The Meaning of the Miracles. "Aha," said the evangelicals when John's name emerged, "jobs for the boys."


    And, to be fair, there was something a bit strange about John's appointment. After consultation with his diocese before Christmas, Bishop Harries whittled down a list of 90 possible candidates to four. Jeffrey John did not make the final cut: his name was removed after Dr Philip Giddings, the diocese's leading lay evangelical, warned the bishop that the appointment of a gay man would be unacceptable. According to Giddings, Harries said he would "consult Rowan" about it.


    In March, Harries was presented with a further list of seven or eight names suggested by Lambeth Palace; this is common practice after the initial consultation has taken place. It was put together by Tony Sadler, the appointments secretary to the Archbishops of Canterbury and York. Sadler, an urbane former Lloyds Bank executive who knew that John was gay, put a star next to his name - indicating that John was the strongest candidate. He says that he did not consult Dr Williams about this.


    Canon John went back on the shortlist and made a presentation to the Bishop of Oxford's advisory group of archdeacons and senior laity. A majority endorsed him; Giddings repeated his warning.


    Bishop Harries then submitted Canon John's name to Dr Williams, who passed it on to Downing Street. "This is the stage at which Rowan could have stopped things," says a Synod source. "He could have said: 'We're not ready for this yet.' But he didn't."


    The Daily Telegraph, breaking the news of John's appointment, described him as "an outspoken campaigner for gay rights" who declined to comment on his own sexuality. Evangelical activists began rooting through John's past to see what they could discover.


    On June 6, The Daily Telegraph produced the smoking gun. Five years ago, Jeffrey John had given a talk to Affirming Catholicism, the liberal pressure group to which he and Dr Williams belonged. In it, he said that he had been in the same gay relationship since theological college.


    This scoop forced John to clarify his position. Yes, he was gay, but the relationship had not been physical for several years. Moreover, he would abide by Issues in Human Sexuality, the 1991 House of Bishops fudge which enjoined celibacy on priests but not lay people.


    Critics pointed out that he had spent years denouncing Anglican hypocrisy over homosexuality. Had he decided that Reading was worth a mass, as it were?


    By now, the evangelicals sniffed blood. African bishops with Mugabe-like views on homosexuality threatened to split the Anglican Communion. Campaigners started scouring the electoral register to see if they could prove that John and his boyfriend (subsequently named by a tabloid newspaper) had lived together.


    Two journalists from the Church of England Newspaper emerged as conduits of anti-John stories: Jonathan Wynne-Jones, whose father is a leading evangelical, and Andrew Carey, the son of the former Archbishop of Canterbury.


    Carey junior is still fuming over the mockery his father - now Lord Carey of Clifton - endured during his troubled term of office. His emergence as a cheerleader for the Oxford evangelicals has been seized on by conspiracy theorists. "This row isn't about Jeffrey John, it's about Rowan," says a leading Anglican writer. "Some people are still clinging to the fantasy that they can force him out of office."


    Yesterday's edition of The Church of England Newspaper contained a savage attack by Andrew Carey on Rowan Williams's weak leadership; the fact that Lord Carey has not intervened to stop his son writing this sort of article is regarded by supporters of the current Archbishop as a gross breach of etiquette.


    On June 16, with Williams still mysteriously silent, the battle of the bishops began. An open letter condemning Canon John was published, signed by nine diocesan bishops. Liberals immediately dubbed them the Nazgul, after the nine emissaries of evil in The Lord of the Rings. They included the usual suspects - the Low Church bishops of Liverpool, Rochester and Carlisle - plus one unexpected name. The Rt Rev Michael Scott-Joynt, Bishop of Winchester, a moderate High Churchman had signed. But why?


    Cynics suggested that, like Liverpool and Rochester, he was a disappointed man: his name was just below Williams's on the list that went to Downing Street last year. If so, he has done nothing for his chances of becoming the next Archbishop of York; Williams's supporters will move heaven and earth to stop one of the Nazgul becoming the other Primate. But there is a more charitable explanation. Arguably, Scott-Joynt was expressing the doubts of middle-of-the-road Anglicans who felt that the Bishop of Oxford had over-stepped the mark.


    Ominously for Harries, when the liberal bishops got round to issuing their own letter, they managed only eight signatories. And when Rowan Williams finally made a statement last week, it offered only the most tepid endorsement of Jeffrey John. "It is an appointment that I have neither sought to promote nor to obstruct," he told his fellow bishops. The comment was paraphrased by one observer as: "Nothing to do with me, guv." The reaction of some of John's supporters was that the Archbishop had been "got at" by members of his staff still secretly loyal to Carey - another conspiracy theory to add to the list.


    One more rumour is worth mentioning. In the end, it is the smooth and self-assured Richard Harries who has precipitated this crisis. He has a reputation as an attention-seeker, but he has rarely courted controversy so openly or so bravely. Why is he prepared to risk alienating so many of his colleagues?


    The answer may lie in Harries's chairmanship of the bishops' committee responsible for a new statement on sexuality to be published this autumn. According to some reports, the document is more conservative than its 1991 predecessor. If so, Harries must be furious. Could his decision to nominate the first openly homosexual bishop - possibly without the full support of Dr Williams - be a way of softening the blow?


    The truth is that, unless Harries loses his nerve or Williams intervenes, the ordination of Jeffrey John will go ahead. It will not plunge the Anglican Communion into schism, because that has already happened. It will not bankrupt the diocese of Oxford: evangelical threats to withhold quota are rarely carried out.


    But Dr Giddings has some final words of warning. Like so many evangelical statements, they come across as either compassionate or chilling, depending on one's point of view. "Canon John will be labelled for ever more as the 'gay bishop'," said Giddings. "He is a sensitive man, and I am sure he will find it very painful. Whether or not he comes to Reading, he is a victim of Bishop Richard's serious error of judgment."










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