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Fluphenazine









Fluphenazine


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Fluphenazine
Fluphenazine.svg
Fluphenazine-xtal-2012-ball-and-stick.png
Clinical data
Trade names Prolixin, Modecate, Moditen others

AHFS/Drugs.com
 Monograph
MedlinePlus a682172
Pregnancy
category



  • AU: C


  • US: C (Risk not ruled out)



Routes of
administration		 by mouth, IM, depot injection (fluphenazine decanoate)
ATC code

  • N05AB02 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status



  • AU: S4 (Prescription only)


  • CA: ℞-only


  • UK: POM (Prescription only)


  • US: ℞-only




Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability 2.7% (by mouth)
Metabolism unclear[1]
Elimination half-life
 IM 15 hours (HCL), 7-10 days (decanoate)[1]
Excretion Urine, faeces
Identifiers
CAS Number

  • 69-23-8 ☑Y

PubChem CID
  • 3372
IUPHAR/BPS
  • 204
DrugBank

  • DB00623 ☑Y
ChemSpider

  • 3255 ☑Y
UNII
  • S79426A41Z
KEGG

  • D07977 ☑Y
ChEBI

  • CHEBI:5123 ☑Y
ChEMBL

  • ChEMBL726 ☑Y
ECHA InfoCard
100.000.639 Edit this at Wikidata
Chemical and physical data
Formula
C22H26F3N3OS
Molar mass 437.523 g/mol
3D model (JSmol)
  • Interactive image

.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}
  (verify)

Fluphenazine, sold under the brand names Prolixin among others, is an antipsychotic medication.[1] It is used in the treatment of chronic psychoses such as schizophrenia,[1][2] and appears to be about equal in effectiveness to low-potency antipsychotics like chlorpromazine.[3] It is given by mouth, injection into a muscle, or just under the skin.[1] There is also a long acting injectable version that may last for up to four weeks.[1] Fluphenazine decanoate, the depot injection form of fluphenazine, should not be used by people with severe depression.[4]


Common side effects include movement problems, sleepiness, depression and increased weight.[1] Serious side effects may include neuroleptic malignant syndrome, low white blood cell levels, and the potentially permanent movement disorder tardive dyskinesia.[1] In older people with psychosis as a result of dementia it may increase the risk of dying.[1] It may also increase prolactin levels which may result in milk production, enlarged breasts in males, impotence, and the absence of menstrual periods.[1] It is unclear if it is safe for use in pregnancy.[1] Fluphenazine is a typical antipsychotic of the phenothiazine class.[1] Its mechanism of action is not entirely clear but believed to be related to its ability to block dopamine receptors.[1] In up to 40% of those on long term phenothiazines, liver function tests become mildly abnormal.[5]


Fluphenazine came into use in 1959.[6] The injectable form is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system.[7] It is available as a generic medication.[1] In the United States the tablets costs between 0.22 and 0.42 USD per day for a typical dose.[1] The wholesale cost in the developing world of the long acting form is between 0.20 and 6.20 USD per injection as of 2014.[8] It was discontinued in Australia around mid 2017.[9]



Effectiveness[edit]


A 2013 Cochrane review found that fluphenazine's was an imperfect treatment and other inexpensive drugs less associated with side effects may be an just as good in people with schizophrenia.[10]



Other animals[edit]


In horses, it is sometimes given by injection as an anxiety-relieving medication, though there are many negative common side effects and it is forbidden by many equestrian competition organizations.[11]



References[edit]





  1. ^ abcdefghijklmno "fluphenazine decanoate". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 2015-12-08. Retrieved Dec 1, 2015..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ "Product Information: Modecate (Fluphenazine Decanoate Oily Injection )" (PDF). TGA eBusiness Services. Bristol-Myers Squibb Australia Pty Ltd. 1 November 2012. Archived from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 9 December 2013.


  3. ^ Tardy M, Huhn M, Engel RR, Leucht S (August 2014). "Fluphenazine versus low-potency first-generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 8 (8): CD009230. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009230.pub2. PMID 25087165.


  4. ^ "Modecate Injection 25mg/ml - Patient Information Leaflet (PIL) - (eMC)". www.medicines.org.uk. Retrieved 2017-11-06.


  5. ^ "Fluphenazine". livertox.nih.gov. Retrieved 2017-11-06.


  6. ^ McPherson EM (2007). Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Encyclopedia (3rd ed.). Burlington: Elsevier. p. 1680. ISBN 9780815518563.


  7. ^ "WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (19th List)" (PDF). World Health Organization. April 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.


  8. ^ "Fluphenazine Decanoate". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Archived from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 2 December 2015.


  9. ^ Rossi S, ed. (July 2017). "Fluphenazine - Australian Medicines Handbook". Australian Medicines Handbook. Adelaide, Australia: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Retrieved 8 August 2017.


  10. ^ Matar, Hosam E; Almerie, Muhammad Qutayba; Sampson, Stephanie J (2018-06-12). "Fluphenazine (oral) versus placebo for schizophrenia". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd006352.pub3. ISSN 1465-1858.


  11. ^ Loving NS (31 March 2012). "Effects of Behavior-Modifying Drug Investigated (AAEP 2011)". The Horse Media Group. Archived from the original on 6 January 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2016.















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