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IEEE 802.11ax


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IEEE 802.11ax, also known as High-Efficiency Wireless (HEW), is a Wireless Local Area Network standard in the IEEE 802.11 set of specifications. The wireless network technology is also labelled as Wi-Fi 6 by Wi-Fi Alliance.[1][2] IEEE 802.11ax is designed to operate in the already existing 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz spectrums and it will incorporate additional bands between 1 and 7 GHz as they become available. In addition to utilizing MIMO and MU-MIMO, the new amendment introduces OFDMA to improve overall spectral efficiency, and higher order 1024-QAM modulation support for increased throughput. Though the nominal data rate is just 37% higher than IEEE 802.11ac, the new amendment is expected to achieve a 4× increase to average user throughput due to more efficient spectrum utilization and improvements for dense deployments.


IEEE 802.11ax is due to be publicly released sometime in 2019.[3] Devices were presented at CES 2018 that showed a top speed of 11 Gbit/s.[4]




Contents






  • 1 Rate set


  • 2 Technical improvements


  • 3 Products


    • 3.1 Silicon


    • 3.2 Devices


      • 3.2.1 Routers






  • 4 References


  • 5 External links





Rate set[edit]
























































































































































































Modulation and coding schemes for single spatial stream
MCS
index[a]
 Modulation
type
 Coding
rate
 Data rate (in Mb/s)[b]
20 MHz channels 40 MHz channels 80 MHz channels 160 MHz channels
1600 ns GI[c]
 800 ns GI 1600 ns GI 800 ns GI 1600 ns GI 800 ns GI 1600 ns GI 800 ns GI
0 BPSK 1/2 4(?) 8.6 8(?) 17.2 17(?) 36 34(?) 36(?)
1 QPSK 1/2 16 17 33 34 68 72 136 144
2 QPSK 3/4 24 26 49 52 102 108 204 216
3 16-QAM 1/2 33 34 65 69 136 144 272 282
4 16-QAM 3/4 49 52 98 103 204 216 408 432
5 64-QAM 2/3 65 69 130 138 272 288 544 576
6 64-QAM 3/4 73 77 146 155 306 324 613 649
7 64-QAM 5/6 81 86 163 172 340 360 681 721
8 256-QAM 3/4 98 103 195 207 408 432 817 865
9 256-QAM 5/6 108 115 217 229 453 480 907 961
10 1024-QAM 3/4 122 129 244 258 510 540 1021 1081
11 1024-QAM 5/6 135 143 271 287 567 600 1134 1201

Notes





  1. ^ MCS 9 is not applicable to all channel width/spatial stream combinations.


  2. ^ A second stream doubles the theoretical data rate, a third one triples it, etc.


  3. ^ GI stands for the guard interval.




Technical improvements[edit]


The 802.11ax amendment will bring several key improvements over 802.11ac. 802.11ax addresses frequency bands between 1 GHz and 5 GHz.[5] Therefore, unlike 802.11ac, 802.11ax will also operate in the unlicensed 2.4 GHz band. To meet the goal of supporting dense 802.11 deployments, the following features have been approved.































































Feature
802.11ac
 802.11ax
 Comment

OFDMA
 not available
 Centrally controlled medium access with dynamic assignment of 26, 52, 106, 242(?), 484(?), or 996(?) tones per station. Each tone consists of a single subcarrier of 78.125 kHz bandwidth. Therefore, bandwidth occupied by a single OFDMA transmission is between 2.03125 MHz and ca. 80 MHz bandwidth.
 OFDMA segregates the spectrum in time-frequency resource units (RUs). A central coordinating entity (the AP in 802.11ax) assigns RUs for reception or transmission to associated stations. Through the central scheduling of the RUs contention overhead can be avoided, which increases efficiency in scenarios of dense deployments.

Multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO)
 available in Downlink direction
 Available in Downlink and Uplink direction
 With Downlink MU MIMO a device may transmit concurrently to multiple receivers and with Uplink MU MIMO a device may simultaneously receive from multiple transmitters. Whereas OFDMA separates receivers to different RUs, with MU MIMO the devices are separated to different spatial streams. In 802.11ax, MU MIMO and OFDMA technologies can be used simultaneously. To enable uplink MU transmissions, the AP transmits a new control frame (Trigger) which contains scheduling information (RUs allocations for stations, modulation and coding scheme (MCS) that shall be used for each station). Furthermore, Trigger also provides synchronization for an uplink transmission, since the transmission starts SIFS after the end of Trigger.
Trigger-based Random Access
 not available
 Allows performing UL OFDMA transmissions by stations which are not allocated RUs directly.
 In Trigger frame, the AP specifies scheduling information about subsequent UL MU transmission. However, several RUs can be assigned for random access. Stations which are not assigned RUs directly can perform transmissions within RUs assigned for random access. To reduce collision probability (i.e. situation when two or more stations select the same RU for transmission), the 802.11ax amendment specifies special OFDMA back-off procedure. Random access is favorable for transmitting buffer status reports when the AP has no information about pending UL traffic at a station.
Spatial frequency reuse
 not available
 Coloring enables devices to differentiate transmissions in their own network from transmissions in neighboring networks.

Adaptive Power and Sensitivity Thresholds allows dynamically adjusting transmit power and signal detection threshold to increase spatial reuse.


Without spatial reuse capabilities devices refuse transmitting concurrently to transmissions ongoing in other, neighboring networks. With coloring, a wireless transmission is marked at its very beginning helping surrounding devices to decide if a simultaneous use of the wireless medium is permissible or not. A station is allowed to consider the wireless medium as idle and start a new transmission even if the detected signal level from a neighboring network exceeds legacy signal detection threshold, provided that the transmit power for the new transmission is appropriately decreased.

NAV
 Single NAV
 Two NAVs
 In dense deployment scenarios, NAV value set by a frame originated from one network may be easily reset by a frame originated from another network, which leads to misbehavior and collisions. To avoid this, each 802.11ax station will maintain two separate NAVs — one NAV is modified by frames originated from a network the station is associated with, the other NAV is modified by frames originated from overlapped networks.

Target Wake Time (TWT)
 not available
 TWT reduces power consumption and medium access contention.
 TWT is a concept developed in 802.11ah. It allows devices to wake up at other periods than the beacon transmission period. Furthermore, the AP may group device to different TWT period thereby reducing the number of devices contending simultaneously for the wireless medium.
Fragmentation
 Static fragmentation
 Dynamic fragmentation
 With static fragmentation all fragments of a data packet are of equal size except for the last fragment. With dynamic fragmentation a device may fill available RUs of other opportunities to transmit up to the available maximum duration. Thus, dynamic fragmentation helps reduce overhead.

Guard interval duration
 0.4 µs or 0.8 µs
 0.8 µs, 1.6 µs or 3.2 µs
 Extended guard interval durations allow for better protection against signal delay spread as it occurs in outdoor environments.
Symbol duration
 3.2 µs
 3.2 µs, 6.4 µs, or 12.8 µs
 Extended symbol durations allow for increased efficiency.[6]


Products[edit]



Silicon[edit]



  • On October 17, 2016, Quantenna announced the first 802.11ax silicon, the QSR10G-AX. The chipset is compliant with Draft 1.0 and supports eight 5 GHz streams and four 2.4 GHz streams. In January 2017 Quantenna added the QSR5G-AX to their portfolio with support for four streams in both bands.[7] Both products are aimed at routers and access points.

  • On February 13, 2017, Qualcomm announced their first 802.11ax silicon.[8][9][10]

    • The IPQ8074 is a complete SoC with four Cortex-A53 cores. There is support for eight 5 GHz streams and four 2.4 GHz streams.

    • The QCA6290 chipset which supports two streams in both bands and aims at mobile devices.



  • On August 15, 2017, Broadcom announced their 6th Generation of Wi-Fi products with 802.11ax support.[11][12][third-party source needed]
    • The BCM43684 and BCM43694 are 4×4 MIMO chips with full 802.11ax support, while the BCM4375 provides 2 × 2 MIMO 802.11ax along with Bluetooth 5.0.


  • On December 11, 2017, Marvell announced 802.11ax chipsets consisting of 88W9068, 88W9064 and 88W9064S.[13][14][citation needed]

  • On February 21, 2018, Qualcomm announced the WCN3998, a 2x2 802.11ax chipset for smartphones and mobile devices.[15]

  • As of April 2018, Intel is working on an 802.11ax chipset for mobile devices, the Wireless-AX 22560 with Harrison Peak codename.[16][17]



Devices[edit]



Routers[edit]



  • On August 30, 2017, Asus announced the first 802.11ax router.[4][18] The RT-AX88U uses Broadcom silicon, has 4×4 MIMO in both bands and achieves a maximum of 1148 Mbit/s on 2.4 GHz and 4804 Mbit/s on 5 GHz.

  • On September 12, 2017, Huawei announced their first 802.11ax access point. The AP7060DN uses 8×8 MIMO and is based on Qualcomm hardware.[19][20][third-party source needed]

  • On January 25, 2018, Aerohive Networks announced the first family of 802.11ax access points. The AP630, AP650, and AP650X are based on Broadcom chipsets.[promotional language][21][third-party source needed]



References[edit]





  1. ^ Wi-Fi Alliance® introduces Wi-Fi 6


  2. ^ Here come Wi-Fi 4, 5 and 6 in plan to simplify 802.11 networking names


  3. ^ Gold, Jon. "FAQ: What you need to know about 802.11ax, the next big Wi-Fi standard". Network World. Retrieved 2017-08-22..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  4. ^ ab Dignan, Larry (January 8, 2018). "D-Link, Asus tout 802.11ax Wi-Fi routers, but you'll have to wait until later in 2018". zdnet. Retrieved 14 April 2018.


  5. ^ Aboul-Magd, Osama (2014-01-24). "P802.11ax" (PDF). IEEE-SA. Retrieved 2017-01-14.


  6. ^ Porat, Ron; Fischer, Matthew; Venkateswaran, Sriram; Nguyen, Tu; Erceg, Vinko; Stacey, Robert; Perahia, Eldad; Azizi, Shahrnaz; Huang, Po-Kai; Li, Qinghua; Chen, Xiaogang; Ghosh, Chitto; Yang, Rongzhen; Tong, Fei; Kang, Hyunjeong; Josiam, Kaushik; Rison, Mark; Taori, Rakesh; Chang, Sanghyun; Wang, Lei; Zhang, Hongyuan; Sun, Yakun; Chu, Liwen; Xu, Mingguan; Jiang, Jinjing; Zhang, Yan; Cao, Rui; Srinivasa, Sudhir; Tamhane, Saga; Yu, Mao; Au, Edward; Lu, Hui-Ling; Takatori, Yasushi; Inoue, Yasuhiko; Asai, Yusuke; Ishihara, Koichi; Kishida, Akira; Yamada, Akira; Watanabe, Fujio; Papadopoulos, Haralabos; Barber, Phillip; Loc, Peter; Liu, Le; Luo, Jun; Luo, Yi; Lin, Yingpei; Pang, Jiyong; Rong, Zhigang; Sun, Rob; Yang, David X.; Yang, Yunsong; Lan, Zhou; Suh, Junghoon; Zhang, Jiayin; cariou, Laurent; Derham, Thomas; Lee, Wookbong; Ryu, Kiseon; Chun, Jinyoung; Choi, Jinsoo; Kim, Jeongki; Park, Giwon; Lim, Dongguk; Kim, Suhwook; Park, Eunsung; Cho, HanGyu; Van Zelst, Albert; Asterjadhi, Alfred; Tian, Bin; Aldana, Carlos; Cherian, George; Barriac, Gwendolyn; Sampath, Hemanth; Wentink, Menzo; Van Nee, Richard; De Vegt, Rolf; Vermani, Sameer; Merlin, Simone; Yucek, Tevfik; Jones, VK; Kim, Youhan; Yee, James; Jauh, Alan; Hu, Chingwa; Hsu, Frank; Pare, Thomas; Wang, ChaoChun; Wang, James; Liu, Jianhan; Wu, Tianyu; Huang, Russell (2015-01-12). "Payload Symbol Size for 11ax". IEEE P802.11. Retrieved 2017-01-14.


  7. ^ "Quantenna Announces QSR5G-AX, an 802.11ax Dual 4×4 Wi-Fi Access Point Solution targeting the Mainstream Wi-Fi Segment". Retrieved 2017-03-26.


  8. ^ "Qualcomm and 802.11ax Wi-Fi tech: Game-changing breakthrough for dense networks | Qualcomm". Qualcomm. 2017-02-13. Retrieved 2017-03-26.


  9. ^ "Qualcomm Announces First End-to-End 802.11ax Wi-Fi Portfolio | Qualcomm". Qualcomm. 2017-02-13. Retrieved 2017-03-26.


  10. ^ "Qualcomm made a new Wi-Fi chip for the next generation of Wi-Fi". The Verge. Retrieved 2018-10-04.


  11. ^ "Broadcom Announces Availability of Industry's First Complete Ecosystem of 802.11ax Solutions". www.broadcom.com. Retrieved 2017-08-16.


  12. ^ "Broadcom unveils MAX, better Wi-Fi based on 802.11ax | FierceWireless". www.fiercewireless.com. Retrieved 2018-05-02.


  13. ^ "Wireless - 802.11AX - Marvell". www.marvell.com. Retrieved 2018-05-02.


  14. ^ "Marvell 88W9068 Product Brief".


  15. ^ "Qualcomm Introduces the Industry's First Integrated 802.11ax-ready Solution for Smartphones and Computing Devices | Qualcomm". Qualcomm. Retrieved 2018-05-02.


  16. ^ "Intel® Wireless Products: Documents and Datasheets". Intel. Retrieved 2018-05-02.


  17. ^ "r/intel - Intel mentions Wireless-AX 22560 network adapter". reddit. Retrieved 2018-05-02.


  18. ^ "ASUS Press Room". press.asus.com. Retrieved 2017-09-03.


  19. ^ "X-Gen Wi-Fi". e.huawei.com. Retrieved 2017-09-27.


  20. ^ "Huawei Launches X-Gen Wi-Fi to Redefine the Agile Campus Network Era". huawei. Retrieved 2017-09-27.


  21. ^ "Aerohive Networks". www.aerohive.com. Retrieved 2018-02-02.




External links[edit]




  • Evgeny Khorov, Anton Kiryanov, Andrey Lyakhov. ''IEEE 802.11ax: How to Build High Efficiency WLANs.'' IEEE International Conference on Engineering and Telecommunication (EnT), 2015.

  • "Are you ready for the next chapter of Wi-Fi? Meet 802.11ax"


  • Bellalta, Boris (2015). "IEEE 802.11ax: High-Efficiency WLANs,". IEEE Wireless Communications. 23: 38–46. arXiv:1501.01496v4. doi:10.1109/MWC.2016.7422404.


  • Fleishman, Glenn (April 25, 2018). "Wi-Fi gets quicker with 802.11ax, but buying early might offer few advantages". PC World.











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