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Solar power in Japan


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Japan's solar potential


Solar power in Japan has been expanding since the late 1990s.
The country is a leading manufacturer of photovoltaics (PV) and a large installer of domestic PV systems with most of them grid connected.[1]
Japan has an insolation of about 4.3 to 4.8 kWh/(m2·day).


Solar power has become an important national priority since the country's shift in policies toward renewable energy after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in 2011.[2][3]
Japan was the world's second largest market for solar PV growth in 2013 and 2014, adding a record 6.97 GW and 9.74 GW of nominal nameplate capacity, respectively.
By the end of 2017, cumulative capacity reached 50 GW, the world's second largest solar PV installed capacity, behind China.[4][5]
Overall installed capacity in 2016 was estimated to be sufficient to supply almost 5% of the nation's annual electricity demand.[4]




Contents






  • 1 Government action


    • 1.1 Feed-in tariff


    • 1.2 Targets




  • 2 Solar manufacturing industry


  • 3 Notable projects


  • 4 Photovoltaics installed capacity and generation


  • 5 See also


  • 6 References


  • 7 External links





Government action[edit]



Feed-in tariff[edit]


The Japanese government is seeking to expand solar power by enacting subsidies and a feed-in tariff (FIT). In December 2008, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry announced a goal of 70% of new homes having solar power installed, and would be spending $145 million in the first quarter of 2009 to encourage home solar power.[6] The government enacted a feed-in tariff on November, 2009 that requires utilities to purchase excess solar power sent to the grid by homes and businesses and pay twice the standard electricity rate for that power.[7]


On June 18, 2012, a new feed-in tariff was approved, of 42 Yen/kWh. The tariff covers the first ten years of excess generation for systems less than 10 kW, and generation for twenty years for systems over 10 kW. It became effective July 1, 2012.[8]
In April 2013, the FIT was reduced to 37.8 Yen/kWh.[9] The FIT was further reduced to 32 Yen/kWh in April 2014.[10]


In March 2016, a new feed-in tariff was approved.
The Procurement Price Calculation Committee compiled and publicized recommendations concerning the FY 2016 purchase prices and the periods therefor. Respecting the recommendations, METI finalized the prices and periods therefor as below.


(1) Electricity generated by photovoltaic power for non-household customers (10 kW or more) was reduced from 27 yen/kWh to 24 yen/kWh.


(2) Electricity generated by photovoltaic power for household customers (10 kW or less) was reduced from 33 yen/kWh to 31 yen/kWh when generators are not required to have output control equipment installed. When generators are required to have output control equipment installed the price was reduced from 35 yen/kWh to 33 yen/kWh.[11]


Residential PV feed-in tariffs for systems below 10 kW were updated in 2017 to values between JPY24/kWh to JPY28/kWh depending on the circumstances. These will remain unchanged until 2019.[12]


The most recent FIT only concerns non-residential solar power plants.
The new non-residential FIT will go from JPY21/kWh in 2017 to JPY18/kWh for facilities certified in and after April 2018.[12]



Targets[edit]






The government set solar PV targets in 2004 and revised them in 2009:[13]



  • 28 GW of solar PV capacity by 2020

  • 53 GW of solar PV capacity by 2030

  • 10% of total domestic primary energy demand met with solar PV by 2050


The targets set for 2020 were surpassed in 2014, and the target for 2030 was surpassed in 2018.


New targets were adopted after 2011.




Japanese solar cell production (in GW)
  Total    Export    Domestic



Solar manufacturing industry[edit]


Japan is a leading manufacturer of photovoltaics. In other words, photovoltaic devices use semiconductors in order to generate electricity from the sunlight.[14] Solar companies of Japan include: Kyocera, Mitsubishi Electric, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Sanyo, Sharp Solar, Solar Frontier, and Toshiba.



Notable projects[edit]




The Solar Ark is a 315 meter wide, 37 meter tall educational platform about renewable energy





Komekurayama Solar Power Plant owned and operated by TEPCO in Kofu, Yamanashi Prefecture



The Solar Ark, built in 2002, is one of the largest solar buildings in the world.[15]


After the shift away from a nuclear power-dependent energy policy in the wake of the Fukushima nuclear accident,[16] the first three solar plants by TEPCO were completed in 2011 and 2012, the Ukishima Solar Power Plant, 7 MW, the Ogishima Solar Power Plant, 13 MW, and the Komekurayama Solar Power Plant, 10 MW. The output of all three can be monitored on the internet.[17]


341 MW of photovoltaics are planned for the island of Hokkaido, and a total of 1,800 MW of photovoltaics projects have been approved for Japan, as of October 2012.[18]


Additional projects include the 70MW Kagoshima Nanatsujima Mega Solar Power Plant by Kyocera in Kagoshima Prefecture that went online in November 2013 and a 100 MW plant by Toshiba in Minami Soma, Fukushima Prefecture.[19][20]


A 77 MW photovoltaic power plant is planned for Tahara City, on the Atsumi Peninsula, and is expected to be completed in 2014.[21] A 200 MW plant is proposed for Tomakomai.[22]


Another recent project starting in 2017 will include a floating solar farm on the Yamakura Dam. This project will provide enough power for 5,000 households in Japan. It is said to be completed in 2018 and will be located on a reservoir in Japan's Chiba prefecture. [23]


It is expected that many new projects will be constructed, to take advantage of the new feed-in tariff.



Photovoltaics installed capacity and generation[edit]














































































































































Installed PV capacity (in MW)
Year
End
Total
Capacity
Yearly
Installation
1992 19.0 n/a
1993 24.3 5.3
1994 31.2 6.9
1995 43.4 12.2
1996 59.6 16.2
1997 91.3 31.7
1998 133 41.7
1999 209 76
2000 330 121
2001 453 123
2002 637 184
2003 860 223
2004 1,132 272
2005 1,422 290
2006 1,709 287
2007 1,919 210
2008 2,144 225
2009 2,627 483
2010 3,618 991
2011 4,914 1,296
2012 6,632 1,718
2013 13,599 6,967
2014 23,339 9,740
2015 34,150 10,811
2016[4]
42,750
8,600
2017[5]
49,750
7,000
Source: EPIA and IEA-PVPS. All nominal capacity figures are reconverted from WAC to Wp.[24][25]
































2,500


5,000


7,500


10,000


12,500


15,000




1992


1996


2000


2004


2008


2012


2016






Yearly Installation – Annually installed PV capacity in megawatts since 1992


































10,000


20,000


30,000


40,000


50,000




1992


1996


2000


2004


2008


2012


2016






Total Capacity – Cumulative installed PV capacity in megawatts since 1992

































100


200


300


400


500


600


700


800


900


1,000




1992


1996


2000


2004


2008


2012





Module prices of residential solar pv in Japan 1992–2015 (JPY/W) Source: iea-pvps.org










































Share of national electricity demand 2010–2016
Year
Generation
(% of consumption)
2010[26]
0.3%
2011[27]
0.5%
2012[28]
0.7%
2013[29]
1.4%
2014[30]
2.4%
2015[31]
3.5%
2016[4]
4.9%
2017[32]
5.9%


See also[edit]



  • Energy in Japan

  • Japanese reaction to Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster

  • Renewable energy by country

  • Solar power by country



References[edit]





  1. ^ "Cumulative Installed Solar Photovoltaics Capacity in Leading Countries and the World, 2000-2013". Earth Policy Institute. June 18, 2014. Retrieved 2014-09-03..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ "Solar Energy in Japan – Summary". GENI. Retrieved 7 May 2012.


  3. ^ Chisaki Watanabe (August 26, 2011). "Japan Spurs Solar, Wind Energy With Subsidies, in Shift From Nuclear Power". Bloomberg.


  4. ^ abcd "Snapshot of Global Photovoltaic Markets 2017" (PDF). report. International Energy Agency. 19 April 2017. Retrieved 27 April 2017.


  5. ^ ab Pv-magazine FEBRUARY 15, 2018. "Japan will likely install 6 GW to 7.5 GW (DC) of solar in 2018, from about 7 GW in 2017..."


  6. ^ Japan renews focus on solar power


  7. ^ Soto, Shigeru (2010-02-09). "Japan's Solar Panel Sales Rise to Record on Subsidy (Update1)". BusinessWeek. Retrieved 2010-09-10.


  8. ^ Japan Approves Feed-in Tariffs


  9. ^ Japan’s High-Cost Renewable Energy Curbs Subsidy Impact


  10. ^ Chisaki Watanabe (March 2014). "Japan Cuts Subsidy for Solar Power, Boosts Offshore Wind". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 2014-04-02.


  11. ^ [1]


  12. ^ ab "Japan to slash feed-in-tariffs for solar plants this year". AsianPower. Retrieved 25 March 2018.


  13. ^ Yamamoto, Masamichi; Ikki, Osamu (2010-05-28). "National survey report of PV Power Applications in Japan 2009" (PDF). International Energy Agency. Retrieved 2017-04-02.


  14. ^ "Photovoltaic (Solar Electric)". Retrieved 24 March 2018.


  15. ^ Kriscenski, Ali. "SOLAR ARK: World's Most Stunning Solar Building". inhabitat. Retrieved 19 April 2018.


  16. ^ UN cites solar potential as Japan scraps nuclear plan


  17. ^ Solar Power Plant Facility Overview


  18. ^ Mega solar power plants may be excessively concentrated in Hokkaido.


  19. ^ Now Toshiba says they’re building Japan’s ‘largest’ solar plant in Fukushima


  20. ^ Utility-scale solar plant for Fukushima


  21. ^ One of Japan's Largest Mega Solar Projects to be Built in Aichi


  22. ^ Japan to see a solar power boom


  23. ^ Vaughan, Adam. "Japan begins work on 'world's largest' floating solar farm". The Guardian. Retrieved January 27, 2016.


  24. ^ "National Survey Report of PV Power Applications in Japan - 2012 - Third Version". International Energy Agency. 2013-06-10. Retrieved 2014-04-13.


  25. ^ "Global 2013 solar installs hit 37GW: EPIA". PV-Tech. 2014-03-06. Retrieved 2014-04-13.


  26. ^ Masamichi Yamamoto & Osamu Ikki (2011-07-15). "National Survey Report of PV Power Applications in Japan - 2010". International Energy Agency. Retrieved 2015-08-14.


  27. ^ Hiroyuki Yamada & Osamu Ikki (2012-05-31). "National Survey Report of PV Power Applications in Japan - 2011". International Energy Agency. Retrieved 2015-08-14.


  28. ^ Hiroyuki Yamada & Osamu Ikki (2014-08-27). "National Survey Report of PV Power Applications in Japan - 2013". International Energy Agency. Retrieved 2015-08-14.


  29. ^ Hiroyuki Yamada & Osamu Ikki (2014-08-27). "National Survey Report of PV Power Applications in Japan - 2013". International Energy Agency. Retrieved 2014-09-03.


  30. ^ Hiroyuki Yamada & Osamu Ikki (2015-07-10). "National Survey Report of PV Power Applications in Japan - 2014". International Energy Agency. Retrieved 2015-08-14.


  31. ^ "iea-pvps.org - National Reports". www.iea-pvps.org. Retrieved 2016-07-20.


  32. ^ "2018, Snapshot of Global Photovoltaic Markets".




External links[edit]







  • Official website


  • Electrical Japan: Google Maps of Power Stations (Solar) (in Japanese)

  • Tepco real time monitor













Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Solar_power_in_Japan&oldid=876966462"





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