Modoc County, California

Modoc County, California
Modoc County, California
	; County;
	; County of Modoc
	; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Images, from top down, left to right: Pit River Valley, Clear Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Fandango Pass overlooking Surprise Valley.;
; ; Current seal;	; ; Former seal;
	; ; Location in the U.S. state of California;
	; ; California's location in the United States;
Country	; United States
State	; California; ; ;
Region	; Shasta Cascade;
Incorporated	; 1874
Named for	; the Modoc people;
County seat	; Alturas;
Area;
• Total	; 4,203 sq mi (10,890 km2)
• Land	; 3,918 sq mi (10,150 km2)
• Water	; 286 sq mi (740 km2)
Population (April 1, 2010);
• Total	; 9,686
• Estimate (2016);	; 8,795
• Density	; 2.3/sq mi (0.89/km2)
Time zone	; UTC-8 (Pacific Time Zone)
• Summer (DST)	; UTC-7 (Pacific Daylight Time)
U.S. Routes	; ~ (defunct)
State Routes	; ;
Website	; www.co.modoc.ca.us;

County in California

, United States

Modoc County is a county in the far northeast corner of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, the population was 9,686.^[1] making it the third-least populous county in California. The county seat and only incorporated city is Alturas.^[3] Previous county seats include Lake City and Centerville; the latter is now a ghost town. The county borders Nevada and Oregon.

A large portion of Modoc County is federal land. Several federal agencies, including the United States Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, National Park Service, Bureau of Indian Affairs, and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, have employees assigned to the area, and their operations are a significant part of the area's economy and services.

The county's official slogans include "The last best place" and "Where the West still lives".

History[edit]

Prior to the arrival of Europeans in the region, varying cultures of Native Americans inhabited the county for thousands of years. At the time of European encounter, the Modoc people lived in what is now northern California, near Lost River and Tule Lake. The county was named after them.^[4]^:216 The Achumawi (or Pit River Indians, for which the Pit River is named), and the Paiute also lived in the area.^[4]^:216 To the north were the Klamath in present-day Oregon.

The first European explorers to visit Modoc County were the American John C. Frémont and his traveling party (including Kit Carson) in 1846, who had departed from Sutter's Fort near the confluence of the American and Sacramento Rivers. (This is where the city of Sacramento lies today.)^[4]^:216

The northern boundary of California, and eventually Modoc County, had been established as the 42nd parallel since the time of Mexican possession. In the absence of a reliable survey of the 120th meridian, the eastern boundary of northern California was a subject of contention before Modoc County formed. The Territory of Utah requested jurisdiction to the summit of the Sierra Nevada. At the time, the Warner Mountains were believed to be a part of the Sierra Nevada, so this would have included Surprise Valley, but California denied the request.^[5]^:76–77

In 1856, the residents of Honey Lake Valley reckoned the 120th meridian to be west of their valley, placing them in Utah territory, and attempted to secede and form a territory they called Nataqua. Nataqua would have included Modoc County.^[6] In 1858, the Territory of Nevada, with its capital now in Carson City, successfully seceded from Utah, and assumed jurisdiction to the summit of the Sierra Nevada until the 120th meridian was surveyed in 1863.^[5]^:76–77

After Nevada was granted statehood in 1864, the region of current Modoc County was placed within jurisdiction of Shasta County, California, and Siskiyou County was, in turn, generated from Shasta County in 1852.^[7]

Increasing traffic on the emigrant trail, unprovoked militia raids on innocent Modoc, and a cycle of retaliatory raids increased a cycle of violence between settlers and the tribes in the area.^[4]^:217 In 1864, the Klamath, Modoc and Yahooskin band of the Shoshone signed a treaty ceding lands in both Oregon and California, and the tribes were colocated on the Klamath Reservation. Harassed by the Klamath, traditional competitors, a band of Modoc led by Captain Jack returned to California and the Tule Lake area.

The Modoc War (or Lava Beds War) of 1872-73 brought nationwide attention to the Modoc during the protracted battles. From strong defensive positions in the lava tubes, 52 Modoc warriors held off hundreds of US Army forces, who called in artillery to help.^[4]^:218–219 Peace talks in 1873 stalled when the Modoc wanted their own reservation in California. Warriors urged killing the peace commissioners, thinking that the Americans would then leave, and Captain Jack and others shot and killed General Edward Canby and Rev. Eleazer Thomas, and wounded others. More Army troops were called in to lay siege to Captain Jack's Stronghold.^[8] Dissension arose, and some Modoc surrendered. Finally most were captured, and those responsible for the assassinations were tried and executed. More than 150 Modoc were transported to Indian Territory as prisoners of war.^[4]^:219 The area has since been designated the Lava Beds National Monument.

Settlement of the county began in earnest in the 1870s, with the timber, gold, agriculture, and railroad industries bringing most of the settlers into the area. The county was a crossroads for the Lassen Applegate Trail, which brought settlers north from Nevada to the Oregon Trail and south to trails leading into California's central valley. Early settlers included the Dorris, Belli, Essex, Scherer, Trumbo, Flournoy, Polander, Rice and Campbell families.

Modoc County was formed when Governor Newton Booth signed an Act of the California Legislature on February 17, 1874 after residents of the Surprise Valley region lobbied for the creation of a new county from eastern Siskiyou County land.^[4]^:216 The county residents considered naming the newly formed county after General Edward Canby, who had been killed the year before at peace talks in an ambush by Modoc. The idea of naming the county "Summit" was also considered, but the populace eventually settled on "Modoc"; the war was over and 153 of Captain Jack's band had been transported to Indian Territory as prisoners.^[7]

The Dorris Bridge post office opened in 1871,^[9] was renamed Dorrisville in 1874; due to its central location, Dorrisville became the county seat when Modoc County formed that year, although both Adin and Cedarville were larger towns.^[5]^:84 In 1876, it was renamed Alturas, which means "The Heights" in Spanish.^[10] The census of 1880 showed a population of 148. Settlement continued over the next two decades, until the city was officially incorporated on September 16, 1901; the county's only incorporated city.

Tule Lake Segregation Center historical marker.

During World War II, the US government developed several thousand acres just south of Newell as a Japanese American internment camp. Tule Lake War Relocation Center was the site of temporary exile for thousands of Japanese-American citizens, who lost most of their businesses and properties where they had formerly lived in coastal areas. A historical marker marks the site along State Route 139 in Newell.

Tule Lake was the largest of the "segregation camps." On November 8, 2005 Senator Dianne Feinstein called for the camp to be designated a National Historic Landmark. In December 2008 it was designated by President George W. Bush as one of nine sites—the only one in the contiguous 48 states—to be part of the new World War II Valor in the Pacific National Monument.

Geography[edit]

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 4,203 square miles (10,890 km²), of which 3,918 square miles (10,150 km²) is land and 286 square miles (740 km²) (6.8%) is water.^[11]

There are 2.25 persons per square mile, making this one of the most sparsely populated counties in California. It is also (almost) the only rectangular county in California, there is a slight deviation around the Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge.

Mule Deer in Modoc County

The county is very diverse geographically. The northwestern edge of the county is dominated by the Medicine Lake Highlands, the largest shield volcano on the U.S. West Coast. The Lava Beds National Monument lies partly within the northwest corner of the County. Also along the western edge of the county is the massive Glass Mountain lava flow. The southwestern corner of the county is a unique ecosystem of isolated hardwoods (oaks) and volcanic mountains with intermountain river valleys.

The northern half of the county is the Modoc Plateau, a 1-mile (1.6 km) high expanse of lava flows, cinder cones, juniper flats, pine forests, and seasonal lakes, plus the alkaline Goose Lake. Nearly 1 million acres (4,000 km²) of the Modoc National Forest lie on the plateau between the Medicine Lake Highlands in the west and the Warner Mountains in the east. The plateau supports large herds of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), Rocky Mountain Elk (Cervus canadensis), and pronghorn (Antilocapra americana). There are also several herds of wild horses on the plateau. The Clear Lake National Wildlife Refuge and Long Bell State Game Refuge are located on the plateau as well. The Lost River watershed, which later drains into the Klamath River basin, drains the north part of the plateau, while southern watersheds either collect in basin reservoirs or flow into the large Big Sage Reservoir, which sits in the center of the county, which later flows into the Pit River.

Below the rim of the Plateau is Big Valley in the extreme southwest corner of the county, and the large Warm Springs Valley that forms the bottom of the Pit River watershed that runs through the county. The north fork and south fork of the Pit River come together just south of Alturas. The River collects hundreds of other small creeks as it flows south towards Lake Shasta, where it joins the Sacramento River and drains into the San Francisco Bay.

The eastern edge of the county is dominated by the Warner Mountains. The Pit River originates in this mountain range. Hundreds of alpine lakes dot the range, all of which are fed by snow-melt and natural springs. East of the Warner Range is Surprise Valley and the western edge of the Great Basin.

Hot Springs and lava caves are common to Modoc County. There are some geothermal energy resources available in the county, though their viability is highly variable.

A great diversity of plants are found in Modoc County, since this is situated within the biodiverse California Floristic Province. Numerous native trees are found in the county including Garry Oak and Washoe Pine trees.^[12]Jeffrey Pine and Ponderosa Pine are also found in large numbers.^[13]

Adjacent counties[edit]

Klamath County, Oregon - north

Lake County, Oregon - north

Washoe County, Nevada - east

Lassen County - south

Shasta County - southwest

Siskiyou County - west

National protected areas[edit]

Clear Lake National Wildlife Refuge

Lava Beds National Monument (part)

Modoc National Forest (part)

Shasta National Forest (part)

Modoc National Wildlife Refuge (part)

Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge (part)

Tule Lake Unit, World War II Valor in the Pacific National Monument (part)

Demographics[edit]

2011[edit]

Population, race, and income
Total population^[14]	9,587
White^[14]	8,392	87.5%
Black or African American^[14]	108	1.1%
American Indian or Alaska Native^[14]	327	3.4%
Asian^[14]	73	0.8%
Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander^[14]	8	0.1%
Some other race^[14]	389	4.1%
Two or more races^[14]	290	3.0%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race)^[15]	1,290	13.5%
Per capita income^[16]	$20,769
Median household income^[17]	$35,402
Median family income^[18]	$46,047

Places by population, race, and income[edit]

Places by population and race
Place	Type^[19]	Population^[14]	White^[14]	Other^[14] ^{[note 1]}	Asian^[14]	Black or African American^[14]	Native American^[14] ^{[note 2]}	Hispanic or Latino (of any race)^[15]
Adin	CDP	418	96.7%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	3.3%	2.2%
Alturas	City	2,813	86.8%	5.4%	1.6%	1.3%	4.8%	6.9%
California Pines	CDP	105	81.0%	19.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	3.8%
Canby	CDP	480	62.3%	19.4%	0.0%	10.4%	7.9%	20.8%
Cedarville	CDP	545	85.3%	12.8%	0.4%	0.0%	1.5%	20.2%
Daphnedale Park	CDP	35	100.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Eagleville	CDP	53	86.8%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	13.2%	0.0%
Fort Bidwell	CDP	151	39.1%	1.3%	2.0%	0.0%	57.6%	1.3%
Lake City	CDP	66	100.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Likely	CDP	100	100.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Lookout	CDP	5	0.0%	100.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Newell	CDP	473	88.6%	5.5%	4.2%	0.0%	1.7%	50.3%
New Pine Creek	CDP	104	93.3%	6.7%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%

Places by population and income
Place	Type^[19]	Population^[20]	Per capita income^[16]	Median household income^[17]	Median family income^[18]
Adin	CDP	418	$21,457	$45,625	$57,550
Alturas	City	2,813	$20,842	$32,237	$47,260
California Pines	CDP	105	$26,595	$55,938	$118,194
Canby	CDP	480	$11,298	$21,744	$21,744
Cedarville	CDP	545	$22,710	$43,500	$46,058
Daphnedale Park	CDP	35	^[21]	$12,083	^[21]
Eagleville	CDP	53	$46,826	$27,083	$113,750
Fort Bidwell	CDP	151	$16,332	$21,875	$28,250
Lake City	CDP	66	$24,061	$35,284	$9,688
Likely	CDP	100	$17,659	$35,143	^[21]
Lookout	CDP	5	^[21]	^[21]	^[21]
Newell	CDP	473	$8,765	$28,875	$23,864
New Pine Creek	CDP	104	$31,602	$28,472	^[21]

2000[edit]

Historical population
Census	Pop.		%±
1880	4,399		—
1890	4,986		13.3%
1900	5,076		1.8%
1910	6,191		22.0%
1920	5,425		−12.4%
1930	8,038		48.2%
1940	8,713		8.4%
1950	9,678		11.1%
1960	8,308		−14.2%
1970	7,469		−10.1%
1980	8,610		15.3%
1990	9,678		12.4%
2000	9,449		−2.4%
2010	9,686		2.5%
Est. 2017	8,859	^[2]	−8.5%
U.S. Decennial Census^[22] 1790–1960^[23] 1900–1990^[24] 1990–2000^[25] 2010–2015^[1]

As of the census^[26] of 2000, there were 9,449 people, 3,784 households, and 2,550 families residing in the county. The population density was 2 people per square mile (1/km²). There were 4,807 housing units at an average density of 1 per square mile (0/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 85.9% White, 0.7% Black or African American, 4.2% American Indian, 0.6% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 5.7% from other races, and 2.8% from two or more races. 11.5% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

The largest ethnicity/ancestry groups in Modoc county include: 15% English, 14% Irish and 13% German of whom 90.4% spoke English and 8.8% Spanish as their first language.

There were 3,784 households out of which 29.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.6% were married couples living together, 8.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.6% were non-families. 28.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.91.

In the county, the population was spread out with 25.6% under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 23.3% from 25 to 44, 27.7% from 45 to 64, and 17.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females there were 102.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.7 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $27,522, and the median income for a family was $35,978. Males had a median income of $30,538 versus $23,438 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,285. About 16.4% of families and 21.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.7% of those under age 18 and 8.6% of those age 65 or over.

Modoc County has the lowest median household income of any county in California.

In 2005, the median home price reached $100,000 for the first time ever, over a 40% increase since 2000.^[27] Much of this can be traced to an influx of residents from other parts of the state, who find the housing bargains attractive. Some of these are retirees who have sold their houses for large profits in other parts of the state, using the proceeds to live on, while others are people who are able to telecommute. This sudden rise in housing prices become unaffordable for locals, who find themselves unable to purchase homes given their limited incomes.^{[citation needed]}

2010[edit]

The 2010 United States Census reported that Modoc County had a population of 9,686. The racial makeup of Modoc County was 8,084 (83.5%) White, 82 (0.8%) African American, 370 (3.8%) Native American, 78 (0.8%) Asian, 21 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 680 (7.0%) from other races, and 371 (3.8%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1,342 persons (13.9%).^[28]

Population reported at 2010 United States Census
The County	Total Population	White	African American	Native American	Asian	Pacific Islander	other races	two or more races	Hispanic or Latino (of any race)
Modoc County	9,686	8,084	82	370	78	21	680	371	1,342
Incorporated city	Total Population	White	African American	Native American	Asian	Pacific Islander	other races	two or more races	Hispanic or Latino (of any race)
Alturas	2,827	2,430	15	81	45	7	118	131	347
Census-designated place	Total Population	White	African American	Native American	Asian	Pacific Islander	other races	two or more races	Hispanic or Latino (of any race)
Adin	272	240	2	8	0	0	9	13	32
California Pines	520	416	11	16	6	2	33	36	83
Canby	315	292	2	7	1	0	9	4	24
Cedarville	514	422	1	15	0	0	59	17	86
Daphnedale Park	184	166	2	6	0	4	2	4	18
Eagleville	59	58	0	0	0	0	1	0	2
Fort Bidwell	173	75	2	76	0	0	10	10	23
Lake City	61	58	0	0	0	0	0	3	0
Likely	63	57	0	5	0	0	0	1	6
Lookout	84	76	0	2	0	0	5	1	14
New Pine Creek	98	89	0	0	0	1	0	8	4
Newell	449	199	2	23	1	5	193	26	271
Unincorporated communities	Total Population	White	African American	Native American	Asian	Pacific Islander	other races	two or more races	Hispanic or Latino (of any race)
All others not CDPs (combined)	4,067	3,506	45	131	25	2	241	117	432

Politics[edit]

Voter registration[edit]

Population and registered voters
Total population^[14]	9,587
Registered voters^[29]^{[note 3]}	5,273	55.0%
Democratic^[29]	1,364	25.9%
Republican^[29]	2,634	50.0%
Democratic–Republican spread^[29]	-1,270	-24.1%
Independent^[29]	262	5.0%
Green^[29]	21	0.4%
Libertarian^[29]	45	0.9%
Peace and Freedom^[29]	6	0.1%
Americans Elect^[29]	0	0.0%
Other^[29]	10	0.2%
No party preference^[29]	931	17.7%

Cities by population and voter registration[edit]

Cities by population and voter registration
City	Population^[14]	Registered voters^[29] ^{[note 3]}	Democratic^[29]	Republican^[29]	D–R spread^[29]	Other^[29]	No party preference^[29]
Alturas	2,813	54.7%	31.0%	42.4%	-11.4%	12.9%	19.5%

Overview[edit]

Federally, Modoc County is in California's 1st congressional district, represented by Republican Doug LaMalfa.^[30]

Modoc is a strongly Republican county in Presidential and congressional elections. It is the most Republican county in California.^{[citation needed]} The last Democrat to win a majority in the county was Lyndon Johnson in 1964.

On November 4, 2008, Modoc County delivered the most lop-sided vote in favor of John McCain of any county in California, with 67.4% of voters opting for the Republican. The county also voted 74.2% in favor of Proposition 8 which amended the California Constitution to ban same-sex marriages; only Kern and Tulare counties voted in higher proportion, both opting for the Proposition with 75.4% of the vote.^[31] In 2012, Modoc was the most lopsided county in favor of Mitt Romney over Obama, by a margin of 69.1% to 27.6%.

Presidential elections results

Modoc County vote
by party in presidential elections^[32]
Year	GOP	DEM	Others
2016	70.15% 2,696	22.82% 877	7.03% 270
2012	69.10% 2,777	27.64% 1,111	3.26% 131
2008	67.44% 2,981	29.71% 1,313	2.85% 126
2004	72.42% 3,235	25.72% 1,149	1.86% 83
2000	72.29% 2,969	23.01% 945	4.70% 193
1996	53.10% 2,285	31.79% 1,368	15.11% 650
1992	38.98% 1,803	32.19% 1,489	28.82% 1,333
1988	62.68% 2,518	35.25% 1,416	2.07% 83
1984	69.49% 2,995	28.28% 1,219	2.23% 96
1980	64.48% 2,579	26.15% 1,046	9.38% 375
1976	51.20% 1,917	46.29% 1,733	2.51% 94
1972	58.49% 2,085	35.65% 1,271	5.86% 209
1968	52.43% 1,713	38.69% 1,264	8.87% 290
1964	41.27% 1,386	58.73% 1,972	0.00% 0
1960	51.80% 1,839	47.63% 1,691	0.56% 20
1956	53.21% 1,981	46.44% 1,729	0.35% 13
1952	61.36% 2,634	38.04% 1,633	0.61% 26
1948	46.54% 1,480	50.53% 1,607	2.92% 93
1944	45.40% 1,288	54.28% 1,540	0.32% 9
1940	37.77% 1,371	61.49% 2,232	0.74% 27
1936	34.19% 968	64.57% 1,828	1.24% 35
1932	27.45% 655	68.86% 1,643	3.69% 88
1928	56.75% 942	42.83% 711	0.42% 7
1924	43.72% 731	22.37% 374	33.92% 567
1920	62.59% 992	33.75% 535	3.66% 58
1916	36.61% 768	58.25% 1,222	5.15% 108
1912	0.06% 1	54.90% 941	45.04% 772
1908	49.92% 620	46.22% 574	3.86% 48
1904	53.91% 559	42.82% 444	3.28% 34
1900	44.78% 446	53.41% 532	1.81% 18
1896	33.00% 300	64.69% 588	2.31% 21
1892	35.46% 406	52.05% 596	12.49% 143

In the state legislature Modoc is in the 1st Senate District, represented by Republican Ted Gaines,^[33] and the 1st Assembly District, represented by Republican Brian Dahle.^[34]

On September 24, 2013, the Modoc County Board of Supervisors voted 4-0 in favor of secession from California to form a proposed state named Jefferson.^[35]

Crime[edit]

The following table includes the number of incidents reported and the rate per 1,000 persons for each type of offense.

Population and crime rates
Population^[14]	9,587
Violent crime^[36]	10	1.04
Homicide^[36]	0	0.00
Forcible rape^[36]	1	0.10
Robbery^[36]	0	0.00
Aggravated assault^[36]	9	0.94
Property crime^[36]	76	7.93
Burglary^[36]	44	4.59
Larceny-theft^[36]^[37]	69	7.20
Motor vehicle theft^[36]	7	0.73
Arson^[36]	1	0.10

Cities by population and crime rates[edit]

Cities by population and crime rates
City	Population^[38]	Violent crimes^[38]	Violent crime rate per 1,000 persons	Property crimes^[38]	Property crime rate per 1,000 persons
Alturas	2,802	36	12.85	62	22.13

Transportation[edit]

Major highways[edit]

U.S. Route 395

State Route 139

State Route 299

Additionally, the eastern Modoc County communities of Eagleville, Cedarville, Lake City, and Fort Bidwell are connected via Surprise Valley Road, which runs from the southern county line to the Oregon border.

Public transportation[edit]

The Sage Stage is a dial-a-ride service providing trips within Modoc County. It has also provided trips as far away as Klamath Falls, Oregon, and Reno, Nevada.^[39]

Airports[edit]

There are general aviation airports near Alturas (Alturas Municipal Airport and California Pines Airport). Other airports include Cedarville Airport, Eagleville Airport, Fort Bidwell Airport, and Tulelake Municipal Airport.

Communities[edit]

City[edit]

Alturas (county seat)

Census-designated places[edit]

Adin

California Pines

Canby

Cedarville

Daphnedale Park

Eagleville

Fort Bidwell

Lake City

Likely

Lookout

Newell

New Pine Creek

Other unincorporated places[edit]

Davis Creek

Stronghold

Tionesta

Population ranking[edit]

The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2010 census of Modoc County.^[40]

† county seat

Rank	City/Town/etc.	Municipal type	Population (2010 Census)
1	† Alturas	City	2,827
2	California Pines	CDP	520
3	Cedarville	CDP	514
4	Newell	CDP	449
5	Canby	CDP	315
6	Adin	CDP	272
7	Daphnedale Park	CDP	184
8	Fort Bidwell	CDP	173
9	New Pine Creek	CDP	98
10	Fort Bidwell Reservation^[41]	AIAN	94
11	Lookout	CDP	84
12	Likely	CDP	63
13	Lake City	CDP	61
14	XL Ranch Rancheria^[42]	AIAN	60
15	Eagleville	CDP	59
16	Cedarville Rancheria^[43]	AIAN	15
17	Lookout Rancheria^[44]	AIAN	11
t-18	Alturas Indian Rancheria^[45]	AIAN	0
t-18	Likely Rancheria^[46]	AIAN	0

Notes[edit]

^ Other = Some other race + Two or more races

^ Native American = Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander + American Indian or Alaska Native

^ ^a^b Percentage of registered voters with respect to total population. Percentages of party members with respect to registered voters follow.

References[edit]

^ ^a^b^c "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 15, 2011. Retrieved April 4, 2016..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}

^ ^a^b "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved June 9, 2017.

^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07.

^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g Mildred Brooke Hoover; Douglas E. Kyle (2002). Historic Spots in California. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-7817-6. Retrieved 27 September 2013.

^ ^a^b^c Pease, Robert W. (1965). Modoc County; University of California Publications in Geography, Volume 17. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.

^ "Reprinted from a previous issue..." Nataqua News. Thumbs Up Publishing. 1997. Retrieved 2010-04-05.

^ ^a^b "Modoc County History". Alturas Chamber of Commerce. Modoc County Government. 2009. Archived from the original on 17 June 2009. Retrieved 21 July 2009.

^ "Modoc Wars, 1873-74". California State Military Museum. 2009. Retrieved 21 July 2009.

^ Durham, David L. (1998). California's Geographic Names: A Gazetteer of Historic and Modern Names of the State. Clovis, Calif.: Word Dancer Press. p. 351. ISBN 1-884995-14-4.

^ Gudde, Erwin; William Bright (2004). California Place Names (Fourth ed.). University of California Press. p. 10. ISBN 0-520-24217-3.

^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved September 28, 2015.

^ C. Michael Hogan, Quercus kelloggii Archived 2012-02-13 at the Wayback Machine., Globaltwitcher, 2008

^ Michael G. Barbour; William Dwight Billings (2000). North American Terrestrial Vegetation. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-55986-7. Retrieved 27 September 2013.

^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g^hⁱ^j^k^l^mⁿ^o^p^q U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B02001. American FactFinder. Retrieved 2013-10-26.

^ ^a^b U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B03003. American FactFinder. Retrieved 2013-10-26.

^ ^a^b U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B19301. American FactFinder. Retrieved 2013-10-21.

^ ^a^b U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B19013. American FactFinder. Retrieved 2013-10-21.

^ ^a^b U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B19113. American FactFinder. Retrieved 2013-10-21.

^ ^a^b U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. American FactFinder. Retrieved 2013-10-21.

^ U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B01003. American FactFinder. Retrieved 2013-10-21.

^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g Data unavailable

^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 28, 2015.

^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved September 28, 2015.

^ Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 28, 2015.

^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Retrieved September 28, 2015.

^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2011-05-14.

^ La Ganga, Maria L., "Housing Bargains, at a Price", Los Angeles Times, January 13, 2006

^ "2010 Census P.L. 94-171 Summary File Data". United States Census Bureau.

^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g^hⁱ^j^k^l^mⁿ^o^p^q California Secretary of State. February 10, 2013 - Report of Registration Archived November 3, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.. Retrieved 2013-10-31.

^ "California's 1st Congressional District - Representatives & District Map". Civic Impulse, LLC. Retrieved March 1, 2013.

^ "California results". Los Angeles Times.

^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved 2018-08-31.

^ "Senators". State of California. Retrieved March 10, 2013.

^ "Members Assembly". State of California. Retrieved March 2, 2013.

^ Butler, Kristen. "Another county votes to secede from California". UPI. Retrieved September 26, 2013.

^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g^hⁱ^j Office of the Attorney General, Department of Justice, State of California. Table 11: Crimes – 2009 Archived 2013-12-02 at the Wayback Machine.. Retrieved 2013-11-14.

^ Only larceny-theft cases involving property over $400 in value are reported as property crimes.

^ ^a^b^c United States Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation. Crime in the United States, 2012, Table 8 (California). Retrieved 2013-11-14.

^ "Sage Stage". Retrieved 30 April 2017.

^ CNMP, US Census Bureau,. "This site has been redesigned and relocated. - U.S. Census Bureau". www.census.gov.

^ Staff, Website Services & Coordination. "2010 Census Interactive Population Map (Text Version) - U.S. Census Bureau". www.census.gov.

^ Staff, Website Services & Coordination. "2010 Census Interactive Population Map (Text Version) - U.S. Census Bureau". www.census.gov.

^ Staff, Website Services & Coordination. "2010 Census Interactive Population Map (Text Version) - U.S. Census Bureau". www.census.gov.

^ Staff, Website Services & Coordination. "2010 Census Interactive Population Map (Text Version) - U.S. Census Bureau". www.census.gov.

^ Staff, Website Services & Coordination. "2010 Census Interactive Population Map (Text Version) - U.S. Census Bureau". www.census.gov.

^ Staff, Website Services & Coordination. "2010 Census Interactive Population Map (Text Version) - U.S. Census Bureau". www.census.gov.

External links[edit]

Official website

Hiking trails in Modoc County

h2g2 Guide Entry A1065278: Modoc County, California, USA

OpenRoad.TV (Modoc County's Living West video story)

Coordinates: 41°36′N 120°43′W / 41.60°N 120.72°W / 41.60; -120.72

[other-20] Other = Some other race + Two or more races

[na-21] Native American = Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander + American Indian or Alaska Native

[PCT-RV-32] Percentage of registered voters with respect to total population. Percentages of party members with respect to registered voters follow.

[QF-1] "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 15, 2011. Retrieved April 4, 2016..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}

[USCensusEst2016-2] "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved June 9, 2017.

[GR6-3] "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07.

[Hoover/Kyle-4] Mildred Brooke Hoover; Douglas E. Kyle (2002). Historic Spots in California. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-7817-6. Retrieved 27 September 2013.

[Pease-5] Pease, Robert W. (1965). Modoc County; University of California Publications in Geography, Volume 17. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.

[Nataqua_News-6] "Reprinted from a previous issue..." Nataqua News. Thumbs Up Publishing. 1997. Retrieved 2010-04-05.

[ALCHA-7] "Modoc County History". Alturas Chamber of Commerce. Modoc County Government. 2009. Archived from the original on 17 June 2009. Retrieved 21 July 2009.

[CSMM-8] "Modoc Wars, 1873-74". California State Military Museum. 2009. Retrieved 21 July 2009.

[CGN-9] Durham, David L. (1998). California's Geographic Names: A Gazetteer of Historic and Modern Names of the State. Clovis, Calif.: Word Dancer Press. p. 351. ISBN 1-884995-14-4.

[gudde-10] Gudde, Erwin; William Bright (2004). California Place Names (Fourth ed.). University of California Press. p. 10. ISBN 0-520-24217-3.

[GR1-11] "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved September 28, 2015.

[Hogan-12] C. Michael Hogan, Quercus kelloggii Archived 2012-02-13 at the Wayback Machine., Globaltwitcher, 2008

[BarbourBillings2000-13] Michael G. Barbour; William Dwight Billings (2000). North American Terrestrial Vegetation. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-55986-7. Retrieved 27 September 2013.

[US-CB-B02001-14] ⁱ^j^k^l^mⁿ^o^p^q U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B02001. American FactFinder. Retrieved 2013-10-26.

[US-CB-B03003-15] U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B03003. American FactFinder. Retrieved 2013-10-26.

[US-CB-B19301-16] U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B19301. American FactFinder. Retrieved 2013-10-21.

[US-CB-B19013-17] U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B19013. American FactFinder. Retrieved 2013-10-21.

[US-CB-B19113-18] U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B19113. American FactFinder. Retrieved 2013-10-21.

[US-CB-19] U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. American FactFinder. Retrieved 2013-10-21.

[US-CB-B01003-22] U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B01003. American FactFinder. Retrieved 2013-10-21.

[ND-23] Data unavailable

[24] "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 28, 2015.

[25] "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved September 28, 2015.

[26] Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 28, 2015.

[27] "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Retrieved September 28, 2015.

[GR8-28] "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2011-05-14.

[29] La Ganga, Maria L., "Housing Bargains, at a Price", Los Angeles Times, January 13, 2006

[30] "2010 Census P.L. 94-171 Summary File Data". United States Census Bureau.

[CA-SS-31] ⁱ^j^k^l^mⁿ^o^p^q California Secretary of State. February 10, 2013 - Report of Registration Archived November 3, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.. Retrieved 2013-10-31.

[33] "California's 1st Congressional District - Representatives & District Map". Civic Impulse, LLC. Retrieved March 1, 2013.

[34] "California results". Los Angeles Times.

[35] Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved 2018-08-31.

[36] "Senators". State of California. Retrieved March 10, 2013.

[37] "Members Assembly". State of California. Retrieved March 2, 2013.

[38] Butler, Kristen. "Another county votes to secede from California". UPI. Retrieved September 26, 2013.

[CA-DOJ-T11-39] ⁱ^j Office of the Attorney General, Department of Justice, State of California. Table 11: Crimes – 2009 Archived 2013-12-02 at the Wayback Machine.. Retrieved 2013-11-14.

[LT-note_group=note-40] Only larceny-theft cases involving property over $400 in value are reported as property crimes.

[FBI-UCR-T8-41] United States Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation. Crime in the United States, 2012, Table 8 (California). Retrieved 2013-11-14.

[42] "Sage Stage". Retrieved 30 April 2017.

[43] CNMP, US Census Bureau,. "This site has been redesigned and relocated. - U.S. Census Bureau". www.census.gov.

[44] Staff, Website Services & Coordination. "2010 Census Interactive Population Map (Text Version) - U.S. Census Bureau". www.census.gov.

[45] Staff, Website Services & Coordination. "2010 Census Interactive Population Map (Text Version) - U.S. Census Bureau". www.census.gov.

[46] Staff, Website Services & Coordination. "2010 Census Interactive Population Map (Text Version) - U.S. Census Bureau". www.census.gov.

[47] Staff, Website Services & Coordination. "2010 Census Interactive Population Map (Text Version) - U.S. Census Bureau". www.census.gov.

[48] Staff, Website Services & Coordination. "2010 Census Interactive Population Map (Text Version) - U.S. Census Bureau". www.census.gov.

[49] Staff, Website Services & Coordination. "2010 Census Interactive Population Map (Text Version) - U.S. Census Bureau". www.census.gov.

v t e Municipalities and communities of Modoc County, California, United States
County seat: Alturas
City	Alturas
CDPs	Adin California Pines Canby Cedarville Daphnedale Park Eagleville Fort Bidwell Lake City Likely Lookout New Pine Creek Newell
Unincorporated communities	Ambrose Boles Bormister Brooks Mill Campbell Cantrall Mill Christensen Copic Cornell D Flourney Dalton Davis Creek Day Demuth Derner Dibble Place Fairport Fletcher Place Flourney Grizzlie Place Hackamore Hannchen Harper Homestead Juniper K Flourney Kalina Kandra Kauffman Kephart Lakeview Junction Liskey Lookout Junction Mammoth McArthur McGarva Meares Menlo Baths Mulkey Place Old Hulbert Place Perez R Flourney Ramsey Scarface Staley Stronghold Surprise Station Tionesta Tuber Vestil White Horse Williams Willow Ranch
Indian reservations	Alturas Indian Rancheria Cedarville Rancheria Fort Bidwell Reservation XL Rancheria
Former settlements	Astakiwi Bayley Chumawi Craig Doles Fleener Fletcher Ghent Glass Mountain Hollenbeck Hot Springs Indian Camp Ivy Joffre Keshlakchuis Keuchishkeni Lillian Mattes Paola Potter Stobie Straw Suty Wade Widgeon

v t e State of California
Sacramento (capital)
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Regions	Antelope Valley Big Sur California Coast Ranges Cascade Range Central California Central Coast Central Valley Channel Islands Coachella Valley Coastal California Conejo Valley Cucamonga Valley Death Valley East Bay (SF Bay Area) East County (SD) Eastern California Emerald Triangle Gold Country Great Basin Greater San Bernardino Inland Empire Klamath Basin Lake Tahoe Greater Los Angeles Los Angeles Basin Lost Coast Mojave Desert Mountain Empire North Bay (SF) North Coast North Coast (SD) Northern California Owens Valley Oxnard Plain Peninsular Ranges Pomona Valley Sacramento Valley Salinas Valley San Fernando Valley San Francisco Bay Area San Francisco Peninsula San Gabriel Valley San Joaquin Valley Santa Clara Valley Santa Clara River Valley Santa Clarita Valley Santa Ynez Valley Shasta Cascade Sierra Nevada Silicon Valley South Bay (LA) South Bay (SD) South Bay (SF) South Coast Southern Border Region Southern California Transverse Ranges Tri-Valley Victor Valley Wine Country
Metro regions	Metropolitan Fresno Los Angeles metropolitan area Greater Sacramento San Bernardino-Riverside metropolitan area San Francisco metropolitan area San Diego–Tijuana
Counties	Alameda Alpine Amador Butte Calaveras Colusa Contra Costa Del Norte El Dorado Fresno Glenn Humboldt Imperial Inyo Kern Kings Lake Lassen Los Angeles Madera Marin Mariposa Mendocino Merced Modoc Mono Monterey Napa Nevada Orange Placer Plumas Riverside Sacramento San Benito San Bernardino San Diego San Francisco San Joaquin San Luis Obispo San Mateo Santa Barbara Santa Clara Santa Cruz Shasta Sierra Siskiyou Solano Sonoma Stanislaus Sutter Tehama Trinity Tulare Tuolumne Ventura Yolo Yuba
Most populous cities	Los Angeles San Diego San Jose San Francisco Fresno Sacramento Long Beach Oakland Bakersfield Anaheim