2M1207
2M1207
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 European Southern Observatory infrared image of 2M1207 (bluish) and companion planet 2M1207b (reddish), taken in 2004. | |
| Observation data Epoch J2000.0 Equinox J2000.0 (ICRS) | |
|---|---|
Constellation | Centaurus |
Right ascension | 12h 07m 33.47s[1] |
Declination | −39° 32′ 54.0″[1] |
Apparent magnitude (V) | 20.15[2] |
| Characteristics | |
Spectral type | M8p[1] |
| V−R color index | +2.1[2] |
| R−I color index | +2.1[2] |
| Astrometry | |
| Parallax (π) | 19.1 ± 0.4[2] mas |
| Distance | 172 ± 3 ly (52.75 ± 1.0[3] pc) |
| Details | |
| Mass | ~0.025[3] M☉ |
| Radius | ~0.25[4] R☉ |
| Luminosity | ~0.002[4] L☉ |
| Temperature | 2550 ± 150[4] K |
| Age | 5·106 to 10·106[4] years |
| Other designations | |
2MASSW J1207334−393254[1] | |
| Database references | |
| SIMBAD | data |
2M1207, 2M1207A or 2MASS J12073346-3932539 is a brown dwarf located in the constellation Centaurus; a companion object, 2M1207b, may be the first extrasolar planetary-mass companion to be directly imaged, and is the first discovered orbiting a brown dwarf.[4][5]
2M1207 was discovered during the course of the 2MASS infrared sky survey: hence the "2M" in its name, followed by its celestial coordinates. With a fairly early (for a brown dwarf) spectral type of M8,[1] it is very young, and probably a member of the TW Hydrae association. Its estimated mass is around 25 Jupiter masses.[3] The companion, 2M1207b, is estimated to have a mass of 3–10 Jupiter masses.[6] Still glowing red hot, it will shrink to a size slightly smaller than Jupiter as it cools over the next few billion years.
An initial photometric estimate for the distance to 2M1207 was 70 parsecs.[3] In December 2005, American astronomer Eric Mamajek reported a more accurate distance (53 ± 6 parsecs) to 2M1207 using the moving cluster method.[7] The new distance gives a fainter luminosity for 2M1207. Recent trigonometric parallax results have confirmed this moving cluster distance, leading to a distance estimate of 53 ± 1 parsec or 172 ± 3 light years.[3]
Like classical T Tauri stars, many brown dwarfs are surrounded by disks of gas and dust which accrete onto the brown dwarf.[8][9] 2M1207 was first suspected to have such a disk because of its broad Hα line. This was later confirmed by ultraviolet spectroscopy.[9] The existence of a dust disk has also been confirmed by infrared observations.[10] In general, accretion from disks is known to produce fast-moving jets, perpendicular to the disk, of ejected material.[11] This has also been observed for 2M1207; an April 2007 paper in the Astrophysical Journal reports that this brown dwarf is spouting jets of material from its poles.[12] The jets, which extend around 109 kilometers into space, were discovered using the Very Large Telescope (VLT) at the European Southern Observatory. Material in the jets streams into space at a few kilometers per second.[13]
Companion | Mass | Observed separation (AU) |
| b | 3–10[6]MJ | 40.6 ± 1.3[14] |
See also[edit]
- Direct imaging of extrasolar planets
- List of extrasolar planets
References[edit]
^ abcde "TWA 27". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved June 15, 2008..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
^ abcd An accurate distance to 2M1207Ab, C. Ducourant, R. Teixeira, G. Chauvin, G. Daigne, J.-F. Le Campion, Inseok Song, and B. Zuckerman, Astronomy and Astrophysics 477, #1 (January 2008), pp. L1–L4. Bibcode: 2008A&A...477L...1D doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078886.
^ abcde "The Distance to the 2M1207 System" Archived 2008-01-24 at the Wayback Machine., Eric Mamajek, November 8, 2007. Accessed on line June 15, 2008.
^ abcde The Planetary Mass Companion 2MASS 1207-3932B: Temperature, Mass, and Evidence for an Edge-on Disk, Subhanjoy Mohanty, Ray Jayawardhana, Nuria Huelamo, and Eric Mamajek, Astrophysical Journal 657, #2 (March 2007), pp. 1064–1091. Bibcode: 2007ApJ...657.1064M doi:10.1086/510877.
^ Chauvin, G.; Lagrange, A.-M.; Dumas, C.; Zuckerman, B.; Mouillet, D.; Song, I.; Beuzit, J.-L.; Lowrance, P. (2004). "A Giant Planet Candidate near a Young Brown Dwarf". Astron. Astrophys. 425 (2): L29–L32. arXiv:astro-ph/0409323. Bibcode:2004A&A...425L..29C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200400056.
^ ab Star: 2M1207 Archived 2011-10-06 at the Wayback Machine., Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. Accessed on line June 15, 2008.
^ Mamajek (2005). "A Moving Cluster Distance to the Exoplanet 2M1207b in the TW Hydrae Association". The Astrophysical Journal. 634 (2): 1385–1394. arXiv:astro-ph/0507416. Bibcode:2005ApJ...634.1385M. doi:10.1086/468181.
^ More Sun-like stars may have planetary systems than currently thought Archived 2008-09-17 at the Wayback Machine., library, Origins program, NASA. Accessed on line June 16, 2008.
^ ab First Ultraviolet Spectrum of a Brown Dwarf: Evidence for H2 Fluorescence and Accretion, John E. Gizis, Harry L. Shipman, and James A. Harvin, Astrophysical Journal 630, #1 (September 2005), pp. L89–L91. Bibcode: 2005ApJ...630L..89G doi:10.1086/462414.
^ Spitzer Observations of Two TW Hydrae Association Brown Dwarfs, Basmah Riaz, John E. Gizis, and Abraham Hmiel, Astrophysical Journal 639, #2 (March 2006), pp. L79–L82. Bibcode: 2006ApJ...639L..79R doi:10.1086/502647.
^ Accretion-ejection models of astrophysical jets, R. E. Pudritz, in Accretion Disks, Jets and High-energy Phenomena in Astrophysics, Vassily Beskin, Gilles Henri, Francois Menard, Guy Pelletier, and Jean Dalibard, eds., NATO Advanced Study Institute, Les Houches, session LXXVIII, EDP Sciences/Springer, 2003.
ISBN 3-540-20171-8.
^ Whelan; Ray, T. P.; Randich, S.; Bacciotti, F.; Jayawardhana, R.; Testi, L.; Natta, A.; Mohanty, S.; et al. (April 10, 2007). "Discovery of a Bipolar Outflow from 2MASSW J1207334-393254, a 24 MJup Brown Dwarf". The Astrophysical Journal. 659 (1): L45–L48. arXiv:astro-ph/0703112. Bibcode:2007ApJ...659L..45W. doi:10.1086/516734.
^ Small Stars Create Big Fuss, Ker Than, May 28, 2007, space.com. Accessed on line June 15, 2008.
^ From estimated distance of 52.75 ± 1.0 parsec and observed angular separation of 769 ± 10 milliarseconds (angular separation from Mohanty 2007, above.)
External links[edit]
- Space.com - Astronomers Confident: Planet Beyond Solar System Has Been Photographed
- Space.com article on the discovery
Jean Schneider (2011). "Notes for star 2M1207". Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. Archived from the original on 6 October 2011. Retrieved 3 October 2011.
"A Giant Planet Candidate Near a Young Brown Dwarf" (PDF) from the European Southern Observatory.- "A Moving Cluster Distance to the Exoplanet 2M1207b in the TW Hydrae Association"
Coordinates: 
12h 07m 33.47s, −39° 32′ 54.0″
Categories:
- 2M1207
- M-type brown dwarfs
- Centaurus (constellation)
- TW Hydrae association
- Planetary systems
- 2MASS objects
- Free-floating substellar objects
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